Wangari Maathai, umunyafurikakazi wahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel
Wangari Maathai ni umugore ufite ukomoka mu gihugu cya Kenya akaba yari umurinzi ukomeye w’ibidukikije bikaba byaratumye ahabwa igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel gihabwa abantu bakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa ku isi kubwo guharanira amahoro.
Mathai yavutse ku ya 1, Mata, 1940 mu gace kitwa Ihithe yitaba Imana ku ya 25, Nzeli, 2011 mu mujyi wa Nairobi mu gihugu cya Kenya.
Uyu mugore azwiho cyane uruhare rwe mu kubangubanga ibidukikije ndetse no kuba yarigaragaje mu ruhando rwa Politiki mu gihugu cya Kenya.
Waangari Maathai yakuriye ndetse arererwa mu gace kitwa White Highlands. Ababyeyi be bari abahinzi n’aborozi ndetse bakaba barabikoraga banatanga umusanzu wabo mu guharanira ukubaho kw’ubwoko bwabo. Aba babyeyi be bari batuye mu gace ka Kikuyu.
Nk’uko yari mukuru mu bana batandatu bavukanaga, Wangari Maathai yitaga ku gukora imirimo myinshi yo mu rugo. Ku bw’amahirwe yagize ababyeyi bazi akamaro ko kwiga maze baza kumwohereza mu ishuri.
Yaje gutangira ishuri maze aza kwiga ku ishuri ribanza rya Ihithe (Ihithe Primary School). Amashuri yisumbuye yayize mu kigo cy’abihaye Imana cyitwa Loreto. Kino cyari ikigo cy’abakobwa giherereye mu gace ka Limuru.
Mu mashuri yisumbuye yafashishijwe n’abarimu be cyane maze mu 1959 aza kubona amahirwe yo kubona buruse imwemerera kujya kwiga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Iyi buruse yayihawe na Students Airlift, Programme yashinzwe na Tom Mboya, umwe mu baharaniye ubwigenge bwa Kenya ku bufatanye na African-America Student Foundation.
Mu 1964, yaje kubona impamyabumenyi mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima (Biology) ndetse agira n’akarusho ko kuba ariwe munyafurikakazi uturuka muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba ubonye iyi mpamyabumenyi. Aha yigaga mu Kaminuza iherereye muri Leta ya Kansas.
Yaje gukomereza masomo ye ahantu hatandukanye harimo Pennslyvania ndetse no mu mujyi wa Pittsburgh. Nyuma yaje gusubira iwabo ho gato maze ahagana mu 1966 aza kubona akazi mu gihugu cy’Ubudage. Nyuma yaje kugaruka kwigisha muri Kaminuza ya Nairobi ndetse ni nabwo yaje kubona Doctorat ye ubwo yari mwarimu mu bijyanye no kuvura amatungo.
Mu bijyanye na Politiki, Wangari Maathai yaje gushyinga Muvoma Yise Green Belt Movement bishatse kuvuga umukandara w’icyatsi. Iyi muvoma yari igamije gushyigikira abagore dore ko ari bo bitaga ku bidukikije muri Kenya. iyi Muvoma ikaba yaragize uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.Nanone, Wangari Maathai yayo inama y’igihugu y’abagore mu gihugu cya Kenya ahagana mu 1977.
Ikindi kandi ni uko azwiho kuba yararwanyije bikomeye ubutegetsi bwa Arap Moi wayoboye Kenya mu myaka y’ 1990 dore ko harimo byinshi bitari biciye mu mucyo. Ibi byatumye agera n’aho afungwa ariko nyuma aza gufungurwa bitewe n’igitutu cy’umuryano Amnesty International.
Mu mwaka wa 2004 nibwo yaje guhabwa igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel kubera uruhare yagaragaje mu guharanira amahoro, amajyambere arambye ndetse na Demokarasi. Nanone, yabonye ibindi bihimbo birimo Prix Sophie, Prix Goldman, Prix Petra n’ibindi.
Ahagana mu mwaka wa 2011 ku itariki ya 25 Nzeli, nibwo yaje kwitaba Imana mu bitaro by’i Nairobi azize indwara ya Kanseri. Isanduku ye yari ikozwe mu migano mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ibyo yari yarasabye byo kutazashyingurwa mu isanduku ikoze mu giti.
Abana be baje gutera igiti muri Parc ya Uhuru mu rwego rwo kwibuka uruhare yagize mu kwamagana ibikorwa byo gusenya iyo parike aho Perezida Arap Moi yari afite imishinga yo kuyubakamo.
Byakuwe kuri wikipedia.com ndetse no kuri greenbeltmovement.com
SHYAKA Cedric